LESSONS IN LAW:" WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA"

                                      LESSONS IN LAW
                                                        LESSON 1

   

" WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA" - These are the opening words of the Constitution of India. It is the resolve of the people of the Country to constitute a unique nation namely India or Bharat.

It has been a laid down in the Preamble of the Constitution that our aim is to constitute India  into a Sovereign,  Socialist ,Secular, Democratic, Republic and to secure to all citizens. Justice, Liberty and Equality and to promote fraternity among them.

What is the significance of sovereignty? The idea of sovereignty involves freedom from all foreign control or domination. In short, it denotes supreme power, the greatest we got through our freedom fighters, who had fought against the British colonial rule for two hundred years in India.

The prime concern of Socialist India is to eliminate inequalities in Income, Status and Standard of living and to provide-equality in opportunities and facilities.

Secularism is not to support anti-God  ideals, but to ensure no discrimination on the grounds of religion or beliefs.

In a democracy, the process of decision making vests with the people of the country. It is a system of a Government of the people, by the people and for the people.

A Republic means,a country in which the absolute power is vested with the people, under a Constitution, and the power is exercised by a duly elected representative body, not by a monarch or autocrat.

Ultimately, the Preamble, being the key to the minds of the Constitution makers,defines the political and social life of the country and definitely declares the dreams of the nation, in its letter and spirit  and reminds us about our duties.

 It was on the 26th of November, 1949 that the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution . It came into force on 26th January , 1950, when India became a Republic. We have the Parliament of India. We have the Parliament of India, as the Central legislative body, with the House of People (Lok Sabha) and the council of States (Rajya Sabha). We have the State Legislative Assembly and in certain States, Legislative Council also, as the State Legislative bodies. These are the law making bodies of our Country. In India, there are hundreds of laws in force either enacted by the Central Legislature or the State Legislatures. There are few other laws in force, namely, subordinate legislation, such as rules, regulations etc., made by the executive bodies according to the legislative scheme adopted by the Country.

 The success  and failure of the nation depends on the vigilance and depth of civic sense  of the people of the nation. The civic sense of the people and efficiency of the Government Institutions would improve only when there is a proper understanding of the laws and regulations, as well as the duties  and obligations.

Even the well-educated people in India  are unconcerned about the misdeeds happening in the country. l literacy  and poverty among the masses are the major reasons for the public inertia. The low legal literacy is highlighted as one of the important needs, which the people of the Country desire or require.

 In short, awareness of law is essential for the progress of the country. In the absence of this, we will slip onto a primitive world. The law is the basis of progress and civilization. Thus these 'Lesson in Law' are an important study for the students, apart form their general studies.

Numerical Method Question Paper-BCA-Final Year Himachal Pradesh University

 Numerical Method Question Paper-BCA-Final Year

Featured Article: Future proof your career

Featured Article: Future proof your career

- Dr. Tanvi Gautam, Managing Partner, Global People.

(This article was first published on People Matters)

When it comes to future proofing your career, your network can well be your net worth.

I find it interesting how every year the conversation on the prediction of job growth is followed with such fervour. While I understand the eagerness to predict employment prospects, I am unable to discount the volatility of our environment and the precarious ledge on which all such predictions rest.

In the highly interdependent world that we live in, a September 11, a Tsunami, volcanic ash and even locusts have the ability to overnight disrupt the grand plans and predictions we may have put in place. The disruption could even come from positive events such as technological advances that shift the way an entire industry functions, case in point being the impact of Skype and Whatsapp on the communications industry.

The response to this, of course, cannot be to stop planning or predicting but rather future proofing one's career (not job) in a manner that deals with the interconnected volatility, uncertainty and disruptive potential of progress. So, under the circumstances, how do we shift the way we think about careers? What ideas do we need to be mindful of if we want to future proof our career?

My work on Leader Shift assumes that the shift in mental models is the bedrock of any change that we wish to embrace. The mountains we have to move are often more in our consciousness. In this case, it is important to remember that a skill set does not make our career future proof as much as our approach to it: What we learn and how we learn and our capacity for resilience and our entrepreneurial mindset.

Approach to learning: You may have heard - if you are the smartest person in the room, then you are in the wrong room! Let's face it, many of us would love to be surrounded by people who bear testimony to our brilliance. However, real learning consists of discovering how little one actually knows. To future proof your career, you must be in a constant beta mode and willing to learn from and through a diversity of forums - tech-based and real life.

Resilience: Words such as courage, faith, self-esteem all figure in the conversation on future proofing your career. When faced with uncertainty and unfavorable outcomes, it is important to remember that stress is not a result of the circumstances but rather our response to the circumstances. Being able to separate the event and its consequences from our sense of self is important. Without this, we can go down a spiral of helplessness and inaction, which does not help our career or our personal lives. Building capacity to face uncertainty and downturns is an investment in your future career.

Entrepreneurial mindset: You don't have to be an entrepreneur to have an entrepreneurial mindset i.e. a world view where you see possibilities and potential in your circumstances. People with this mindset are always connecting with others and know how to spot a place where a need is not being fulfilled. Such spaces exist in every organization. We should be willing to remove our blinders from the grind of daily tasks and step away just long enough to see the potential. Those with an entrepreneurial mindset are producers and leaders who will always be in demand no matter the state of the economy.

If I was to identify a powerful common thread between the three suggestions, it would be networks - professional as well are personal. The diversity of our networks helps us learn and grow, while a good network allows us to rise from the fall that we must all inevitably take at some point in our career. The people and opportunity connection also happens best through networks. It is for this reason that when it comes to future proofing your career, your network can well be your net worth!

- Dr. Tanvi Gautam, Managing Partner, Global People

10 Famous Garage Startups: Grab this amazing information

10 World Famous Companies that Started in Garages

10 Famous Garage Startups

#1 Amazon

 

Jeff Bezos founded Amazon.com in 1994 as an online bookstore. At the time, it was completely run out of his garage in Bellevue, Washington.

He sold his first book in July 1995 and issued his IPO two years later in 1997.

Today it’s the world’s largest online retailer.

Address: 10704 NE 28th, Bellevue, Washington

#2 Apple

 

In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, ages 21 and 26 respectively, started Apple Computers by selling 50 units of Wozniak’s Apple I Computer at $500 apiece to a local retailer. Jobs took the purchase order to a parts distributor and ordered the parts. “The Steves” and their small team hand-built 50 computers in 30 days from a garage in Cupertino, CA.

Today, Apple is the most valuable technology company in the world.

Address: 2066 Crist Dr, Los Altos, California

#3 Disney

 

About 45 minutes down the road from Disneyland Park in Anaheim, CA, there’s a house in Los Angeles where The Walt Disney Company got its start.

In 1923, the house belonged to Walt Disney’s uncle, Robert Disney. Walt and his brother Roy moved in with their uncle and set up “The First Disney Studio” in the one-car garage out back. There they started filming the Alice Comedies which was part of the original Alice’s Wonderland.

Today, Disney is the highest-grossing media conglomerate in the world.

Address: 4651 Kingswell Ave, Los Angeles, California

#4 Google

 

As Stanford Graduate students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin started what’s now known as Google from Susan Wojcicki’s garage in September 1998.

Soon the project was interfering with their schoolwork, so they tried to sell it to Excite for $1 million. Excite rejected the offer and now Google is the most trafficked site in the world.

Address: 232 Santa Margarita Ave, Menlo Park, California

#5 Harley Davidson

 

In 1901, 21-year-old William S. Harley drew up plans to create a small engine to power a bicycle.

Over the next two years, Harley and his childhood friend, Arthur Davidson, built their motor-bicycle out of their friend’s 10 by 15-foot wooden shed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was the equivalent of a garage because they didn’t have cars.

They officially founded Harley-Davidson in 1903 and today it’s the most well-known motorcycle brand in the world.

Address: Somewhere in northern Milwaukee, Wisconsin

#6 Hewlett-Packard

In 1939, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP in Packard’s garage with an initial investment of $538.

Their first product was an audio oscillator and one of their first customers was Walt Disney, who purchased eight oscillators to develop the sound system for the movie Fantasia.

The HP Garage in Palo Alto is known as the birthplace of Silicon Valley and HP is now one of the largest companies in the world.

Address: 367 Addison Ave, Palo Alto, California

#7 Lotus Cars

In 1948, at the age of 20, Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman started Lotus Cars by building the first Lotus racing car in stables behind The Railway Hotel in Hornsey, North London. Chapman used a 1930s Austin Seven and a power drill to build the Lotus Mark I.

Today Lotus Cars is one of the premier racing car manufacturers in the world.

Address:472 Hornsey Rd, London N19 4EF, United Kingdom

#8 Maglite

In 1950, Tony Maglica moved from his war-torn home of Croatia back to America. Knowing very little English, he settled in Los Angeles and took jobs wherever he could find them.

In 1955, after saving $125, Tony put a down-payment on his first lathe. Then he started working out of a Los Angeles area garage to manufacture precision parts. He incorporated Mag Instrument in 1974 and released their first flashlight in 1979.

Today, Maglite is the standard issue flashlight for all police officers in the US.

Address: Somewhere in Los Angeles, California

#9 Mattel

 

Harold “Matt” Matson and Elliot Handler founded Mattel out of a garage in Southern California as picture frame company in 1945. To get the most out of their materials, they started using picture frame scrapes to create dollhouses.

Soon their dollhouses were selling better than their picture frames so they turned their emphasis to toys.

Today Mattel, Inc. is the highest-grossing toy company in the world.

Address: Somewhere in Southern California

#10 Yankee Candle Company

In 1969, at 16 years old, Michael Kittredge made his scented candle in his garage out of melted crayons as a gift for his mother. The neighbors took notice and expressed interest in buying Kittredge’s candles, so he started mass-producing them.

Four years later, Kittredge outgrew the garage so he moved the Yankee Candle Company to an old mill in Holyoke, Massachusetts.

Today it’s the largest manufacturer of scented candles in the US.

Address: Somewhere in South Hadley, Massachusetts.

Reference: RETIRE@21.COM