" WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA" - These are the opening words of the Constitution of India. It is the resolve of the people of the Country to constitute a unique nation namely India or Bharat.
It has been a laid down in the Preamble of the Constitution that our aim is to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist ,Secular, Democratic, Republic and to secure to all citizens. Justice, Liberty and Equality and to promote fraternity among them.
What is the significance of sovereignty? The idea of sovereignty involves freedom from all foreign control or domination. In short, it denotes supreme power, the greatest we got through our freedom fighters, who had fought against the British colonial rule for two hundred years in India.
The prime concern of Socialist India is to eliminate inequalities in Income, Status and Standard of living and to provide-equality in opportunities and facilities.
Secularism is not to support anti-God ideals, but to ensure no discrimination on the grounds of religion or beliefs.
In a democracy, the process of decision making vests with the people of the country. It is a system of a Government of the people, by the people and for the people.
A Republic means,a country in which the absolute power is vested with the people, under a Constitution, and the power is exercised by a duly elected representative body, not by a monarch or autocrat.
Ultimately, the Preamble, being the key to the minds of the Constitution makers,defines the political and social life of the country and definitely declares the dreams of the nation, in its letter and spirit and reminds us about our duties.
It was on the 26th of November, 1949 that the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution . It came into force on 26th January , 1950, when India became a Republic. We have the Parliament of India. We have the Parliament of India, as the Central legislative body, with the House of People (Lok Sabha) and the council of States (Rajya Sabha). We have the State Legislative Assembly and in certain States, Legislative Council also, as the State Legislative bodies. These are the law making bodies of our Country. In India, there are hundreds of laws in force either enacted by the Central Legislature or the State Legislatures. There are few other laws in force, namely, subordinate legislation, such as rules, regulations etc., made by the executive bodies according to the legislative scheme adopted by the Country.
The success and failure of the nation depends on the vigilance and depth of civic sense of the people of the nation. The civic sense of the people and efficiency of the Government Institutions would improve only when there is a proper understanding of the laws and regulations, as well as the duties and obligations.
Even the well-educated people in India are unconcerned about the misdeeds happening in the country. l literacy and poverty among the masses are the major reasons for the public inertia. The low legal literacy is highlighted as one of the important needs, which the people of the Country desire or require.
In short, awareness of law is essential for the progress of the country. In the absence of this, we will slip onto a primitive world. The law is the basis of progress and civilization. Thus these 'Lesson in Law' are an important study for the students, apart form their general studies.
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