How to speak Japanese?

The standard way of saying “hello” in Japanese is “konnichiwa,” but there are actually several Japanese phrases used to greet someone. Here are a few of the most helpful to know along with information about when to use them.

Say "konnichiwa" in most settingsThis is a fairly all-purpose greeting, and if you only memorize one version of “hello,” this should be it.

• You can use this greeting for anyone, regardless of social status.
• While there are separate greetings used during most periods of the day, this greeting also doubles as “good afternoon.”
• Pronounce this greeting as kohn-nee-chee-wah.

Answer the phone with "moshi moshiThis is the standard “hello” to use over the phone.

• Use this greeting whether you are the caller or the person being called. Moshi moshi is much more appropriate to use for phone conversations than konnichiwa.
• Do not use moshi moshi in person.
• Pronounce moshi moshi as mohsh mohsh.

morning. When greeting someone before lunch, this is the standard way to say “hello.”

o    Time-specific greetings are more significant in Japan than in the United States. While you can technically say “konnichiwa” in the morning, greeting someone with “ohayō gozaimasu” is much more common.

o    Pronounce this greeting as oh-hah-yoh goh-za-eye-mahs.

Use "konbanwa" in the evening. After dinner, you would begin greeting others with this phrase rather than “konnichiwa.”

As with other time-specific greetings, konbanwa is the standard greeting to use during the evening. You could use konnichiwa, but the latter is far less standard. Try "oyasumi nasai" at night.Late at night, well after dark, you could use this phrase as a greeting.

• Note that oyasumi nasai is more often used as a way of saying “good-bye” late at night rather than “hello,” even if it can be used as a “hello” greeting.
• When you are among friends, classmates, close family members, or anyone else with whom you can speak to familiarly, this phrase can also be shortened to oyasumi.
• This greeting is roughly pronounced as oh-yah-soo-mee nah-sai.
• Pronounce konbanwa as kohn-bahn-wuh.

    

Multi-Bus and Hybrid Topology

                   Multi-Drop Topology

The draw backs of full interconnected network were removed in this topology by using a single cable around all nodes as shown:

Multi-Drop Topology

In this topology all nodes are connected via a single link. Single transmission medium is shared by all nodes. Whenever a message is transmitted, sender and destination addresses area attached as tag and message floats on a single available line. Receiver receives it and send back acknowledgement message which again floats on same line. There may be many messages floating at a time, that is why name multidrop configuration. It is also called broadcasting network for LAN's.

The topology is preferred by local area networks where high speed communication channel is required and computers are confined to a small area. As compared to fully connected network the number of physical lines is highly reduced to one line and thus the cost. This is reliable network. Failure of any node does not affect other nodes and the network. Addition of new nodes is very simple as compared to fully connected network. But failure of communication line fails the entire network.

Merits of multidrop topology; Reduction in total physical lines. Reliability is high. Addition of new nodes is easy. Failure of any node does not affect the network functioning for other computer.

Demerits; if line fails, entire system breaks down. Each node must have good and quick decision making capability.

                             Hybrid Topology

A hybrid topology is simply a combination to two or more than two topologies. The exact shape configuration of the network depends on the needs and the overall organizational structure of the company involved. In some cases, the hybrid topology may have components of star, ring and completely connected networks topologies as shown:

Hybrid Topology

Mickey Mouse

                  Mickey Mouse

Our Favorite Mickey Mouse...

 
Something very interesting about your favorite cartoon character Mickey Mouse.
Steamboat Willieis a 1928 American animated short film directed by Walt Disneyand Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white by the Walt Disney Studios and released by Celebrity Productions. The cartoon is considered the debut of Mickey Mouse, and his girlfriend Minnie, despite both the characters appearing several months earlier in a test screening of Plane Crazy. Steamboat Willie was the third of Mickey's films to be produced, but was the first to be distributed.
The film is also notable for being the first cartoon with synchronized sound. It was the first cartoon to feature a fully post-produced soundtrack which distinguished it from earlier sound cartoons such as Inkwell Studios' Song Car-Tunes (1924–1927) and Van Beuren Studios' Dinner Time (1928). Also distinguishing Steamboat Willie from earlier sound cartoons was the level of popularity.^[
Music for Steamboat Willie was arranged by Wilfred Jackson and Bert Lewis, and included the songs "Steamboat Bill," a 1911 Arthur Collins composition, and "Turkey in the Straw." The title of the film is a parody of the Buster Keaton film Steamboat Bill Jr. (1928), itself a reference to the song by Collins. Walt Disney performed all of the voices in the film, although there is little intelligible dialogue.
While the film has received some criticism due to humorous depiction of cruelty to animals, it has also received wide critical acclaim, not only for introducing one of the world's most popular cartoon characters, but for its technical innovation. In 1994 members of the animation field voted Steamboat Willie 13th in the book The 50 Greatest Cartoons, which listed the greatest cartoons of all time. In 1998 the film was selected for preservation in the United States' National Film Registry for being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant

Fully-Associated Topology and Mesh Topology

                                          Fully-Associated Topology

In this topology, all nodes are directly connected to each other as shown in figure:

Fully-Associated Topology

Thus, it is completely connected network with a separate physical link for connecting each node to the other node. The control is distributed with each Computer deciding its communication priorities. In this mode cost is high because more wires are needed to connect nodes but chances of failure are very less.

Let’s talk about the merits of fully-Associated Topology; Very Reliable. Each node of network need not have individual routing capacity. Communication is very fast between two nodes. It is robust because the failure of any one computer does not bring down the entire network. It provides security and privacy because each message send travels along a dedicated line.

Demerits:

Most Expensive networks. Adding more nodes will increase cost.

                     Mesh Topology

 

Mesh Topology

In mesh topology, each node is connected to more than one nodes of the system. In this way, there exist multiple paths between two nodes of the network. In case of failure of one path, the other one can be used.
A fully connected mesh topology is same as fully associated topology.
Fully-Associated Topology and Mesh Topology merits and demerits are same.